基于MRI的成人正常膝关节软骨形态学测量

目的：了解正常膝关节软骨分布及股骨髁承重区的软骨厚度特点,为膝关节病变早期诊断和动态观察提供依据。方法：选取100名成人志愿者,男、女各50名,年龄20—30岁,平均25．3岁,膝关节均行MRI扫描。应用MIMICS软件对图像进行处理,在矢状位窗面上测量膝关节各部位软骨最大厚度。选择膝关节正常运动时的承重区,测量承重区域软骨的最大厚度并与其他区域进行比较。基于MRI图像行膝关节软骨三维重建,观察膝关节软骨的三维形态特征。结果：膝关节各部位的最大软骨厚度如下。胫骨外侧平台3．19mm,胫骨内侧平台3．07mm,股骨外侧髁2．93mm,股骨内侧髁3．19mm,股骨滑车软骨3．57mm,髌软骨3．75mm。不同性别与左右侧之间的软骨厚度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。胫股关节承重区软骨厚度大于其他区域,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：成人正常膝关节各区域软骨厚度不同,胫股关节承重区软骨厚度大于非承重区域。基于MRI可以准确地测量膝关节各部软骨的厚度及重建膝关节软骨的三维形态。     

一种新的HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎病毒变异机制

Objective To investigate mutation patterns in core promoter(CP)region of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods HBV DNA was extracted from sera of patients with chronic HBV infection.The CP sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and cloned into pMD19 T vector.The positive clones were then sequenced.The sequences were compared with known HBV genome in GenBank to identify the mutation sites and patterns of patients with chronic HBV infection.Results There were 74 clones from 21 patients with chronic HBV infection which were sequenced.The sequence comparisons showed that there was a 234-nucleotide deletion in CP region of HBV genome in 54 clones and a 245-nucleotide deletion in one clone.These deletion regions included CP,HBeAg initiation codon and direct repeat sequence(DR)Ⅰ regions,which named CP deletion(CPD).A1585T replacement mutation was also found in HBV strain with CPD,which indicated that there was linkage between these two mutations.Conclusions A novel mechanism of HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B is observed,which includes deletions of CP and HBeAg initiation codon.Meanwhile,a simple and useful PCR method is developed to detect CPD.     

Comparison of Junctional Diversity in the Neonatal and Adult Immunoglobulin Repertoires

Junctional diversity in immunoglobulin (Ig) from an adult mouse contributes significantly to the size of the final Ig repertoire. In adult pre-B cells, N region addition and deletion of nucleotides form coding regions produces very heterogenous CDR3 sequences. In contrast, Ig from fetal and newborn mice show very restricted junctional diversity. The reasons for this are: (a) the lack of N regions; and (b) the predominance of certain junctional sequences. These common junctional sequences all appear to occur by targeted rearrangement to short stretches of sequence homology near the ends of the segments to be joined. Targeted rearrangement may play a role in the over-expression of certain Vh genes early in ontogeny. These non-random junctional sequences in the neonate will reproducibly create certain Ig, for example, the dominant T15 anti-PC antibodies. Thus the immune system first creates a small repertoire of predictable Ig sequences. To the extent that these Ig are expressed in long-lived B cells, these early Ig sequences may persist in the adult. Superimposed upon this early repertoire is an enormously diverse adult Ig repertoire.     

强螺杀粉剂杀灭皖南山区钉螺效果观察

目的观察强螺杀粉剂(4％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉剂)对山丘地区残存钉螺的杀灭效果。方法实验室采用泥盘接触法比较强螺杀粉剂喷粉与50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂喷洒灭螺效果。现场试验分强螺杀粉剂环境清理组、未清理组及常规喷洒法未清理组进行,观察3组灭螺效果。结果室内强螺杀粉剂喷粉与50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂1、3、7 d的钉螺死亡率均 >95％,差异均无显著性(X2分别为0．346、0．346、1．013,P均>0．05)。现场试验强螺杀粉剂喷粉环境清理组、未清理组和喷洒法环境未清理组的灭螺效果均>95％,3组之间7 d的钉螺死亡率差异无显著性(X2=-8．572,P>0．05),3组之间15 d的钉螺死亡率差异亦无显著性(X2=2．765,P> 0．05),活螺平均密度下降率均>98％。结论强螺杀粉剂喷粉与50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂喷洒灭螺效果一致,而且不需用水、不需清理环境,特别适合杀灭山丘地区钉螺。     

Regional glucose andβ-Hydroxybutyrate use by developing rat brain

Rates of glucose andd--hydroxybutyrate use were determined in five brain regions of 20-day-old rats. The regions studied were cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The tracers for determining rates of substrate use were [³H]fluorodeoxyglucose and [3-¹⁴C]-d--hydroxybutyrate. Two or five minutes after isotope administration the animals were sacrificed in a 6-kW, 2450-MHz focused microwave device. Ten minutes prior to isotope administration the animals were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline or DL--hydroxybutyrate (10mmol/kg). Bloodd--hydroxybutyrate levels averaged 0.21 mol/ml in saline-injected and 3.13 mol/ml in hyperketonemic rats. Rates of glucose utilization were significantly heterogeneous between regions in both groups: thalamus > cerebral cortex striatum > brain stem > cerebellum. These rates were 20–35% lower in hyperketonemic rats. Rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use varied significantly between regions only in the saline group, with the brain stem rate being significantly lower than that in cortex or cerebellum. Regional rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use did not correlate significantly with regional rates of glucose use in either the saline or the hyperketonemic groups. Regional rates of glucose use were strongly and positively correlated between conditions, as were regional rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use. Thus, in 20-day-old rats, the regional heterogeneity of brain glucose use is similar to that in adult rats.d--Hydroxybutyrate use is much less regionally heterogeneous. When brain regional rates ofd--hydroxybutyrate use are increased seven- to ninefold in acute hyperketonemia, there are compensatory decreases in regional rates of glucose use sufficient to keep regional rates of energy production unchanged.     

Extended tracts of homozygosity identify novel candidate genes associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

Large tracts of extended homozygosity are more prevalent in outbred populations than previously thought. With the advent of high-density genotyping platforms, regions of extended homozygosity can be accurately located allowing for the identification of rare recessive risk variants contributing to disease. We compared measures of extended homozygosity (greater than 1 Mb in length) in a population of 837 late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) cases and 550 controls. In our analyses, we identify one homozygous region on chromosome 8 that is significantly associated with LOAD after adjusting for multiple testing. This region contains seven genes from which the most biologically plausible candidates are STAR, EIF4EBP1, and ADRB3. We also compared the total numbers of homozygous runs and the total length of these runs between cases and controls, showing a suggestive difference in these measures (p-values 0.052–0.062). This research suggests a recessive component to the etiology of LOAD. M. A. Nalls and R. J. Guerreiro contributed equally to this work.     

不同经济划分方式四川省青年心理特征的比较

目的 探讨在人均GDP和城乡两种经济划分方式中,哪种方式更能反映出地区经济对青少年心理特征的影响.方法 以四川省10 684名应征青年为对象,以人均GDP聚类划分和国家行政级别划分为经济水平分类方法,采用全国征兵心理检测系统为心理特征检测工具.结果 人均GDP划分方式下,数学能力合格率二级地区显著高于一级地区(P＜0.05);信息加工速度合格率一级、二级地区显著高于三级地区(P＜0.05);Net维度三级地区[(52.28±10.53)分]显著高于一级[(50.64±10.17)分]、二级地区[(51.53±10.28)分,P＜0.05];Dit维度三级地区[(52.83±11.03)分]显著高于一级[(50.56±10.56)分]、二级地区[(51.80±10.81)分,P＜0.05];Set维度二级[(51.81±10.72)分]、三级地区[(52.44±10.94)分]显著高于一级地区[(49.90±10.76)分,P＜0.05].国家行政级别划分方式下,信息加工速度和语词推理城市合格率显著高于农村;Set维度农村[(52.30±10.85)分]显著高于城市[(51.07±10.90)分,P＜0.05].结论 按人均GDP聚类划分的方式能较好反映地区经济对青少年心理特征的影响.

Abstract：

Objective In the two division methods which are GDP per capita gathering and administrative level division of the state, which method can more reflect regional economy on teenagers psychological characteristics influence. Methods 10684 recruited youths were tested by Chinese enrollment psychological test system,and the division method of GDP per capita gathering and administrative level division of the state was adopted.Results By the method of GDP gathering, the percent of pass from digital operation was higher in second class region to first class region(P＜ 0.05 ). The percent of pass from digital search was higher in first and second class of region compared to third class of region(P ＜0.05). For the Net dimension, the average value of third class region (52.28 ±10. 53 ) was obviously higher than that of first class region (50. 64 ±- 10. 17)and second class region (51.53 ± 10.28 ) (P＜0. 05 ). For the Dit dimension, the average value of third class region (52.83 ± 11.03 ) was obviously higher than that of first class region (50. 56 ± 10. 56 ) and second class region (51.80 ± 10. 81 ) (P ＜0.05 ). The average value of Set dimension of second class region (51.81 ± 10.72)and third class region (52.44±- 10.94) was evidently higher than that of first class region (49.90 ± 10.76 ) (P ＜ 0. 05 ). While through the administrative level division of the state, the percent of pass was apparently higher in city than in country for digital searching and words reasoning; Set dimension was distinctly higher in country ( 52.30± 10. 85 ) than in city (51.07 ±10.90)(P＜0.05). Conclusion The GDP per capita clustering method can better reflect the regional economy on teenagers psychological characteristics influence.     

AXIN2基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及甲基化研究

目的 观察肝细胞癌(HCC)中AXIN2 mRNA表达水平,分析AXIN2基因甲基化水平对mRNA表达的影响及在HCC发生、发展中的意义.方法 收集手术切除的53例HCC和配对癌旁组织标本、7例正常肝组织标本和5种人肝癌细胞系.应用荧光定量PCR方法检测AXIN2mRNA水平的表达和AXIN2基因启动子区甲基化状态.结果 AXIN2在癌组织中的mRNA表达水平(0.1629±0.0679)低于癌旁组织(0.4155±0.2330),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.567,P=0.010).HCC和癌旁组织中AXIN2基因甲基化水平(39.77%±3.89%和36.92%±2.81%)均高于正常肝组织(7.38%±2.40%,t 值分别=-3.663和-4.591,P值分别=0.009和0.007).5种人肝癌细胞系中AXIN2基因均呈高甲基化状态.AXIN2 mRNA表达水平与甲基化程度呈负相关(r=-0.458,P=0.032).TNMⅢ期HCC患者的AXIN2甲基化水平高于TNM Ⅰ和Ⅱ期患者(P=0.008).结论 AXIN2 mRNA表达水平下降与其高甲基化状态相关,AXIN2 mRNA低表达和启动子区异常甲基化可能是HCC发生、发展的重要机制之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate AXIN2 mRNA expression level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) , and to analyze the effect of AXIN2 gene methylation status on its mRNA expression and HCC genesis and development. Methods Fifty-three surgical excised HCC specimens and paired adjacent non-cancerous specimens, seven normal liver specimens and five HCC cell lines were collected. The expression of AXIN2 at mRNA level and the methylation status of AXIN2 gene promoter were determined by quantitative PCR. Results The expression of AXIN2 mRNA was lower in HCC tissues (0.1629 + 0.0679) than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (0. 4155 + 0. 2330), and there was significant difference (Z= -2. 567, P = 0. 010). The methylation level of AXIN2 gene in HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (39. 77% ±3. 89%, and 36. 92% ±2. 81%) was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues (7. 38% ±2. 40% , t=-3. 663 ,P = 0. 009;t= -4. 591 ,P = 0. 007).AXIN2 gene was hypermethylated in all five HCC cell lines. There was a negative correlation between AXIN2 mRNA expression level and the degree of methylation ( r = -0. 458, P = 0. 032). The methylation level was higher in TNM Ⅲ patients of HCC than that in TNM Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients (P =0.008). Conclusion The down-regulation of AXIN2 gene mRNA expression is correlated with its hypermethylation status. The low expression of AXIN2 mRNA and the abnormal methylation of promoter may be one of the important mechanism of HCC genesis and development.     

原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化ACTN4和SYNPO基因启动子的突变

目的 探讨散发性原发性局灶节段性肾小球硬化（FSGS）患者中ACTN4和SYNPO基因启动子区突变的致病作用。 方法 盐析法提取82例FSGS患者外周血基因组DNA,经引物设计及PCR扩增后测序。突变位点经转录因子结合模拟软件筛选,pGL3-Basic构建表达载体与pRL-SV40质粒瞬时共转染PC12细胞,双荧光素酶法检测基因表达。检测患者父母头发DNA。免疫荧光检测患者肾组织?琢-actinin-4和synaptopodin蛋白表达。 结果 3例ACTN4基因突变分别为1－34C>T、1－590delA和（1－1044delT）+（1－797T>C）+（1－769A>G）。2例SYNPO基因突变分别为1－24G>A和1－851C>T。1例患者分别接受父母1－1044delT和 1－797T>C变异。除1－1044delT组外,变异组荧光素酶表达强度比正常组有不同程度下降,与突变患者肾组织?琢-actinin-4和synaptopodin免疫荧光强度下降基本相符。 结论 ACTN4和SYNPO基因启动子区顺式作用元件区的变异影响基因的转录,可能在散发性FSGS发病中起作用。